Signal Processing for Communication Systems
Synopsis: Cyclic prefix in OFDM, tricks a natural channel to perform circular convolution. This simplifies equalizer design at the receiver. Hands-on demo in Matlab. Cyclic Prefix-ed OFDM A cyclic-prefixed OFDM (CP-OFDM) transceiver architecture is typically implemented using inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) blocks (refer Figure 13.3). In an OFDM transmitter, … Read more
Key focus: Discuss the definition of logical effort, the idea behind it and various associated terminologies. Introduction In today’s digital world the most important aspect of any processor is how fast can it function and support multiple applications. Often, the chip design engineers are confronted with bewildering questions in the design process of a logic: … Read more
In the previous post, Interpretation of frequency bins, frequency axis arrangement (fftshift/ifftshift) for complex DFT were discussed. In this post, I intend to show you how to interpret FFT results and obtain magnitude and phase information. Outline For the discussion here, lets take an arbitrary cosine function of the form \(x(t)= A cos \left(2 \pi … Read more
Key focus: Interpret FFT results, complex DFT, frequency bins, fftshift and ifftshift. Know how to use them in analysis using Matlab and Python. Four types of Fourier Transforms: Often, one is confronted with the problem of converting a time domain signal to frequency domain and vice-versa. Fourier Transform is an excellent tool to achieve this … Read more
Root Mean Square (RMS) value is the most important parameter that signifies the size of a signal. Defining the term “size”: In signal processing, a signal is viewed as a function of time. The term “size of a signal” is used to represent “strength of the signal”. It is crucial to know the “size” of … Read more
Since you have landed on this page, probably you are looking for an opportunity to write for this website. I assume that you have looked around and you know that I take this website seriously. I am committed to adding value to my readers and to you as an author. I am currently accepting guest posts from … Read more
We live in the age of smart phones that can be loaded with numerous applications to communicate with each other. What’s next ? Where do we go from here ? Students at MIT Media Labs has answered the call with a novel approach of “Physical Telepresence” that provides the ability to remotely render shapes of … Read more
In this article, the relationship between SNR-per-bit (Eb/N0) and SNR-per-symbol (Es/N0) are defined with respect to M-ary signaling schemes. Then the complex baseband model for an AWGN channel is discussed, followed by the theoretical error rates of various modulations over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Finally, the complex baseband models for digital modulators … Read more
Focus of this article is to discuss the details of Gold code generator using preferred pair m-sequences, implemented using linear feedback shift registers (LFSR). Finally we plot and investigate correlation properties of the generated Gold codes. Introduction In a multi-user environment (like spread spectrum, CDMA ) large number of codes with good correlation properties, is … Read more
Auto-correlation, also called series correlation, is the correlation of a given sequence with itself as a function of time lag. Cross-correlation is a more generic term, which gives the correlation between two different sequences as a function of time lag. Given two sequences and , the cross-correlation at times separated by lag i is given … Read more