Signal Processing for Communication Systems
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a form of phase modulation technique, in which two information bits (combined as one symbol) are modulated at once, selecting one of the four possible carrier phase shift states. The QPSK signal within a symbol duration \(T_{sym}\) is defined as where the signal phase is given by Therefore, the … Read more
Spread spectrum system, originally developed for military applications, is extremely resistant to unauthorized detection, jamming, interference and noise. It converts a narrowband signal to wideband signal by the means of spreading. Standards like WiFi and bluetooth use spread spectrum technology such as direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum respectively. Spread spectrum techniques … Read more
Viterbi algorithm is utilized to decode the convolutional codes. Again the decoding can be done in two approaches. One approach is called hard decision decoding which uses Hamming distance as a metric to perform the decoding operation, whereas, the soft decision decoding uses Euclidean distance as a metric. As stated in one of the previous … Read more
Key focus: Compare Performance and spectral efficiency of bandwidth-efficient digital modulation techniques (BPSK,QPSK and QAM) on their theoretical BER over AWGN. More detailed analysis of Shannon’s theorem and Channel capacity is available in the following book● Wireless Communication Systems in Matlab (second edition), ISBN: 979-8648350779 available in ebook (PDF) format and Paperback (hardcopy) format. Simulation of various … Read more
Key focus: BPSK, Binary Phase Shift Keying, bpsk modulation, bpsk demodulation, BPSK matlab, BPSK python implementation, BPSK constellation BPSK – introduction BPSK stands for Binary Phase Shift Keying. It is a type of modulation used in digital communication systems to transmit binary data over a communication channel. In BPSK, the carrier signal is modulated by … Read more
Introduction Gibbs phenomenon is a phenomenon that occurs in signal processing and Fourier analysis when approximating a discontinuous function using a series of Fourier coefficients. Specifically, it is the observation that the overshoots near the discontinuities of the approximated function do not decrease with increasing numbers of Fourier coefficients used in the approximation. In other … Read more
Introduction Young’s fading channel model is a mathematical model used to describe the behavior of a wireless communication channel. It is a type of frequency selective fading channel model that is commonly used to simulate the effects of multipath interference on wireless signals. The model is based on the assumption that the transmitted signal reaches … Read more
Keyfocus: Fading channel models for simulation. Learn how fading channels can be modeled as FIR filters for simplified modulation & detection. Rayleigh/Rician fading. Introduction A fading channel is a wireless communication channel in which the quality of the signal fluctuates over time due to changes in the transmission environment. These changes can be caused by … Read more
Central Limit Theorem – What is it ? The central limit theorem (CLT) is a fundamental concept in statistics and probability theory that explains how the sum of independent and identically distributed random variables behaves. The theorem states that as the number of these variables increases, the distribution of their sum tends to become more … Read more
Keywords: maximum likelihood estimation, statistical method, probability distribution, MLE, models, practical applications, finance, economics, natural sciences. Introduction Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a statistical method used to estimate the parameters of a probability distribution by finding the set of values that maximize the likelihood function of the observed data. In other words, MLE is a … Read more